The items that are changed in an EV, when you remove an ICE are as follows, and are replaced by:

1. Traction for the rear wheels. ---> AC or DC motor and controller and batteries.

2. 12 volt Power for radio,lights...---> 1.) DC to DC Converter, or 2.) alternator drive off main motor or 3.) 12 volt battery

3. Power Steering. ---> 1.) A 12 volt power steering pump or 2.) Traditional Pump driven by the main or a secondary electric motor.

4. Air Conditioning. ---> Traditional Compressor driven by the main or a secondary electric motor.

5. Vacuum for the vacuum assist brakes. --->A 12 volt driven vacuum pump and resavoir and vacuum switch.

6. Heat supplied by radiator water.--->Install a ceramic heater element in the heating radiator.

7. The mechanical mounting of an electric motor is a challenge. I recently gave a talk on the subject at the Houston Electric Car Club.

8. And last, the mounting of the batteries. This is a cumbersome task. Of course, lithium is smaller and lighter, so easier. Battery management is the effort to keep multiple cells in balance, that is keeping the individual batteries at the same voltage. In my Solectria, 13 cells are charged in series by a charger at 156 volts. The gell batteries soak up the 156 volts evenly, however, it is advisable to balance them occationally. This is done by disconnecting the series connection and connecting them in parallel at 13-14 volts. One person has implemented a charging system, where each battery is charged by it's own charger. This can be done where one charger's + voltage is the next charger's (negative) voltage. This method automatically assures that the batteries come up to the same voltage. A design opportunity might be to have a 1.8 kWatt charger (the same output as my series charger) but with a 14 volt output, and electronically disconnect the series battery connection and charge individually, then re-connect in series to run the car. Given that a charger costs $1000-$1500, this might be a good design opportunity.