The items that are changed in an EV, when you remove an ICE are as follows, and are replaced by:

1. Traction for the rear wheels. ----- AC or DC motor and controller

2. Alternator making 12 volt Power. ----- 1.) DC to DC Converter, or 2.) alternator connected to the traction motor or 3.) a 12 volt battery

3. Power for power steering. ---- 1.) A 12 volt power steering pump OR 2.) Traditional Pump driven by the main or a secondary electric motor.

4. Power for the air conditioning. ---- Traditional Compressor driven by the main or a secondary electric motor.

5. Vacuum for the vacuum assist brakes. A 12 volt driven vacuum pump and resavoir and vacuum switch.

6. Hot radiator water for the heater. --->Ceramic heater powered by the battery pack, and turned on by a solid state switch.